Anabolism (Ch.10)
Small molecules ==>Large molecules
Large molecules
1.) Purines, pyrimidines
2.) Active nucleotides
3.) Deoxynucleotides
4.) Amino acids


5.) Lipids
6.) Tetrapyrrole
7.) Carbonhydrates
Purines, Pyrimidines
Purines are synthesized thru the HM pathway
Starting point is R5P
Final product= inosine monophosphate (IMP)

Pyrimidines
Relies on amino acid participation ( three amino acids-glycine, glutamine, aspartate) for ring formation.
Final product= uridine monophosphate (UMP)
Active Nucleotides
From UMP and IMP=> AMP, GTP, CTP, UTP
Exist in various phosphorylated forms (mono, di, tri( i.e. AMP).
They form after the ring formation of purines and pyrimidines.
Purines =>C, T, U (single ring)
Pyrimidines => A, G (double ring)
Deoxynucleotides
Activated nucleotides=>doxynucleotides (dTTP, dATP, dCTP, dUDP, dGTP)
Deoxy forms are generated by a reduction process.
Deoxynucleotides become DNA and RNA molecules.

Amino Acid
Derived from intermediates from critical pathways, TCA.
Six families are synthesized.
Pyruvate, serine, aspartate, OCC, AKG, aromatic, histidine
Lysine - separate formation
Uses the aspartic acid pathway- methionine, isoleucine
Lipids
Derived from DHAP.
Important in membrane structure
Wide variety of lipids exist-UDPR, electron carriers, etc.
Tetrapyrole
Derived from succinate CoA.
Components of cytochrome pigments, vitamin B12
Carbohydrates
1.) Galactose
Enters at DHAP
Galactose formation

1.) Lactose
Enters at the G6P